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The study was conducted by giving gay and bisexual men attending the HIV clinics an anonymous questionnaire to fill out. The survey was funded by Gilead Sciences and conducted at eight medical centres in the four countries: at the 56 Dean St clinic in London and HIV clinics in Northampton and in Kent in two clinics in Barcelona and one in Madrid and at one clinic each in Athens and Rome. It is not a particularly effective way to lower the risk of HIV transmission or pregnancy. In a context of sexual risk reduction, it refers to the insertive partner in penetrative sex withdrawing before ejaculation. In the context of drugs or alcohol, withdrawal is when a person cuts out, or cuts back, on using the substance, also known as detoxification or detox. These data can be compared with the figures from the European MSM Internet Survey (EMIS) 2017. The survey only looked at a selected patient group so can’t be used to draw conclusions about chemsex use in HIV-positive men in general in the four countries – but the very different patterns of drug use are striking. They were also considerably more likely to report drug injection than men in the other three countries, though not higher rates of injection injury (bad hits). The English men also reported higher rates of adverse effects of using chemsex drugs such as drug withdrawal, non-consensual sex and problems at work.
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A study presented at the recent 17th European AIDS Conference (EACS 2019), comparing reported drug use among HIV-positive men attending clinics in England, Spain, Greece and Italy, has found higher rates of drug use in England than in other countries and considerably higher usage of the drugs used in chemsex (sexualised drug use) – methamphetamine, GHB/GBL, mephedrone and ketamine.